Merge pull request #10 from WebFreak001/any-types

Support for dynamic variants (fix #9)

Readme.md

@@ -67,8 +67,9 @@ import ddbus;
 MessageRouter router = new MessageRouter();
 // create a pattern to register a handler at a path, interface and method
 MessagePattern patt = MessagePattern("/root","ca.thume.test","test");
-router.setHandler!(int,int)(patt,(int par) {
+router.setHandler!(int,int,Variant!DBusAny)(patt,(int par, Variant!DBusAny anyArgument) {
-  writeln("Called with ", par);
+  // anyArgument can contain any type now, it must be specified as argument using Variant!DBusAny.
+  writeln("Called with ", par, ", ", anyArgument);
   return par;
 });
 // handle a signal

source/ddbus/conv.d

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ module ddbus.conv;
 
 import ddbus.c_lib;
 import ddbus.util;
+import ddbus.thin;
 import std.string;
 import std.typecons;
 import std.range;
@@ -31,6 +32,52 @@ void buildIter(TS...)(DBusMessageIter *iter, TS args) if(allCanDBus!TS) {
       dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter, &sub);
     } else static if(isAssociativeArray!T) {
       buildIter(iter, arg.byDictionaryEntries);
+    } else static if(is(T == DBusAny) || is(T == Variant!DBusAny)) {
+      static if(is(T == Variant!DBusAny)) {
+        auto val = arg.data;
+        val.explicitVariant = true;
+      } else {
+        auto val = arg;
+      }
+      DBusMessageIter subStore;
+      DBusMessageIter* sub = &subStore;
+      char[] sig = [cast(char) val.type];
+      if(val.type == 'a')
+        sig ~= val.signature;
+      else if(val.type == 'r')
+        sig = val.signature;
+      sig ~= '\0';
+      if (!val.explicitVariant)
+        sub = iter;
+      else
+        dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter, 'v', sig.ptr, sub);
+      if(val.type == 's') {
+        buildIter(sub, val.str);
+      } else if(val.type == 'b') {
+        buildIter(sub,val.boolean);
+      } else if(dbus_type_is_basic(val.type)) {
+        dbus_message_iter_append_basic(sub,val.type,&val.int64);
+      } else if(val.type == 'a') {
+        DBusMessageIter arr;
+        dbus_message_iter_open_container(sub, 'a', sig[1 .. $].ptr, &arr);
+        foreach(item; val.array)
+          buildIter(&arr, item);
+        dbus_message_iter_close_container(sub, &arr);
+      } else if(val.type == 'r') {
+        DBusMessageIter arr;
+        dbus_message_iter_open_container(sub, 'r', null, &arr);
+        foreach(item; val.tuple)
+          buildIter(&arr, item);
+        dbus_message_iter_close_container(sub, &arr);
+      } else if(val.type == 'e') {
+        DBusMessageIter entry;
+        dbus_message_iter_open_container(sub, 'e', null, &entry);
+        buildIter(&entry, val.entry.key);
+        buildIter(&entry, val.entry.value);
+        dbus_message_iter_close_container(sub, &entry);
+      }
+      if(val.explicitVariant)
+        dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter, sub);
     } else static if(isVariant!T) {
       DBusMessageIter sub;
       const(char)* subSig = typeSig!(VariantType!T).toStringz();
@@ -51,11 +98,17 @@ void buildIter(TS...)(DBusMessageIter *iter, TS args) if(allCanDBus!TS) {
 
 T readIter(T)(DBusMessageIter *iter) if (canDBus!T) {
   T ret;
-  static if(!isVariant!T) {
+  static if(!isVariant!T || is(T == Variant!DBusAny)) {
     if(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) == 'v') {
       DBusMessageIter sub;
       dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
-      ret = readIter!T(&sub);
+      static if(is(T == Variant!DBusAny)) {
+        ret = variant(readIter!DBusAny(&sub));
+      } else {
+        ret = readIter!T(&sub);
+        static if(is(T == DBusAny))
+          ret.explicitVariant = true;
+      }
       dbus_message_iter_next(iter);
       return ret;
     }
@@ -64,7 +117,7 @@ T readIter(T)(DBusMessageIter *iter) if (canDBus!T) {
     assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) == 'r');
   } else static if(is(T == DictionaryEntry!(K1, V1), K1, V1)) {
     assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) == 'e');
-  } else {
+  } else static if(!is(T == DBusAny) && !is(T == Variant!DBusAny)) {
     assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) == typeCode!T());
   }
   static if(is(T==string)) {
@@ -102,6 +155,40 @@ T readIter(T)(DBusMessageIter *iter) if (canDBus!T) {
       auto entry = readIter!(DictionaryEntry!(KeyType!T, ValueType!T))(&sub);
       ret[entry.key] = entry.value;
     }
+  } else static if(is(T == DBusAny)) {
+    ret.type = dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter);
+    ret.explicitVariant = false;
+    if(ret.type == 's') {
+      ret.str = readIter!string(iter);
+    } else if(ret.type == 'b') {
+      ret.boolean = readIter!bool(iter);
+    } else if(dbus_type_is_basic(ret.type)) {
+      dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &ret.int64);
+    } else if(ret.type == 'a') {
+      DBusMessageIter sub;
+      dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
+      auto sig = dbus_message_iter_get_signature(&sub);
+      ret.signature = sig.fromStringz.dup;
+      dbus_free(sig);
+      while(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != 0) {
+        ret.array ~= readIter!DBusAny(&sub);
+      }
+    } else if(ret.type == 'r') {
+      auto sig = dbus_message_iter_get_signature(iter);
+      ret.signature = sig.fromStringz.dup;
+      dbus_free(sig);
+      DBusMessageIter sub;
+      dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
+      while(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != 0) {
+        ret.tuple ~= readIter!DBusAny(&sub);
+      }
+    } else if(ret.type == 'e') {
+      DBusMessageIter sub;
+      dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
+      ret.entry = new DictionaryEntry!(DBusAny, DBusAny);
+      ret.entry.key = readIter!DBusAny(&sub);
+      ret.entry.value = readIter!DBusAny(&sub);
+    }
   } else static if(basicDBus!T) {
     dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &ret);
   }
@@ -123,9 +210,22 @@ unittest {
   bool[] emptyB;
   string[string] map;
   map["hello"] = "world";
-  auto args = tuple(5,true,"wow",var(5.9),[6,5],tuple(6.2,4,[["lol"]],emptyB,var([4,2])),map);
+  DBusAny anyVar = DBusAny(cast(ulong) 1561);
+  anyVar.type.assertEqual('t');
+  anyVar.uint64.assertEqual(1561);
+  anyVar.explicitVariant.assertEqual(false);
+  auto tupleMember = DBusAny(tuple(Variant!int(45), Variant!ushort(5), 32, [1, 2], tuple(variant(4), 5), map));
+  Variant!DBusAny complexVar = variant(DBusAny([
+    "hello world": variant(DBusAny(1337)),
+    "array value": variant(DBusAny([42, 64])),
+    "tuple value": variant(tupleMember)
+  ]));
+  complexVar.data.type.assertEqual('a');
+  complexVar.data.signature.assertEqual("{sv}".dup);
+  tupleMember.signature.assertEqual("(vviai(vi)a{ss})");
+  auto args = tuple(5,true,"wow",var(5.9),[6,5],tuple(6.2,4,[["lol"]],emptyB,var([4,2])),map,anyVar,complexVar);
   msg.build(args.expand);
-  msg.signature().assertEqual("ibsvai(diaasabv)a{ss}");
+  msg.signature().assertEqual("ibsvai(diaasabv)a{ss}tv");
   msg.readTuple!(typeof(args))().assertEqual(args);
   DBusMessageIter iter;
   dbus_message_iter_init(msg.msg, &iter);
@@ -136,4 +236,6 @@ unittest {
   readIter!(int[])(&iter).assertEqual([6,5]);
   readIter!(Tuple!(double,int,string[][],bool[],Variant!(int[])))(&iter).assertEqual(tuple(6.2,4,[["lol"]],emptyB,var([4,2])));
   readIter!(string[string])(&iter).assertEqual(["hello": "world"]);
+  readIter!DBusAny(&iter).assertEqual(anyVar);
+  readIter!(Variant!DBusAny)(&iter).assertEqual(complexVar);
 }

source/ddbus/router.d

@@ -202,17 +202,24 @@ unittest{
   router.setHandler!(void,int,string)(patt,(int p, string p2) {});
   patt = MessagePattern("/root/wat","ca.thume.tester","lolwut");
   router.setHandler!(int,int)(patt,(int p) {return 6;});
+  patt = MessagePattern("/root/bar","ca.thume.tester","lolwut");
+  router.setHandler!(Variant!DBusAny,int)(patt,(int p) {return variant(DBusAny(p));});
   patt = MessagePattern("/root/foo","ca.thume.tester","lolwut");
-  router.setHandler!(Tuple!(string,string,int),int)(patt,(int p) {Tuple!(string,string,int) ret; ret[0] = "a"; ret[1] = "b"; ret[2] = p; return ret;});
+  router.setHandler!(Tuple!(string,string,int),int,Variant!DBusAny)(patt,(int p, Variant!DBusAny any) {Tuple!(string,string,int) ret; ret[0] = "a"; ret[1] = "b"; ret[2] = p; return ret;});
   patt = MessagePattern("/troll","ca.thume.tester","wow");
   router.setHandler!(void)(patt,{return;});
 
+  static assert(!__traits(compiles, {
+    patt = MessagePattern("/root/bar","ca.thume.tester","lolwut");
+    router.setHandler!(void, DBusAny)(patt,(DBusAny wrongUsage){return;});
+  }));
+
   // TODO: these tests rely on nondeterministic hash map ordering
   static string introspectResult = `<!DOCTYPE node PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD D-BUS Object Introspection 1.0//EN" "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/dbus/1.0/introspect.dtd">
-<node name="/root"><interface name="ca.thume.test"><method name="test"><arg type="i" direction="in"/><arg type="i" direction="out"/></method></interface><interface name="ca.thume.tester"><method name="lolwut"><arg type="i" direction="in"/><arg type="s" direction="in"/></method></interface><node name="foo"/><node name="wat"/></node>`;
+<node name="/root"><interface name="ca.thume.test"><method name="test"><arg type="i" direction="in"/><arg type="i" direction="out"/></method></interface><interface name="ca.thume.tester"><method name="lolwut"><arg type="i" direction="in"/><arg type="s" direction="in"/></method></interface><node name="bar"/><node name="foo"/><node name="wat"/></node>`;
   router.introspectXML("/root").assertEqual(introspectResult);
   static string introspectResult2 = `<!DOCTYPE node PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD D-BUS Object Introspection 1.0//EN" "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/dbus/1.0/introspect.dtd">
-<node name="/root/foo"><interface name="ca.thume.tester"><method name="lolwut"><arg type="i" direction="in"/><arg type="s" direction="out"/><arg type="s" direction="out"/><arg type="i" direction="out"/></method></interface></node>`;
+<node name="/root/foo"><interface name="ca.thume.tester"><method name="lolwut"><arg type="i" direction="in"/><arg type="v" direction="in"/><arg type="s" direction="out"/><arg type="s" direction="out"/><arg type="i" direction="out"/></method></interface></node>`;
   router.introspectXML("/root/foo").assertEqual(introspectResult2);
   router.introspectXML("/").assertEndsWith(`<node name="/"><node name="root"/><node name="troll"/></node>`);
 }

source/ddbus/simple.d

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ void registerMethods(T : Object)(MessageRouter router, string path, string iface
 unittest {
   import dunit.toolkit;
   class Tester {
-    int lol(int x, string s, string[string] map) {return 5;}
+    int lol(int x, string s, string[string] map, Variant!DBusAny any) {return 5;}
     void wat() {}
     @SignalMethod
     void signalRecv() {}
@@ -91,6 +91,6 @@ unittest {
   patt.signal = false;
   router.callTable.assertHasKey(patt);
   auto res = router.callTable[patt];
-  res.argSig.assertEqual(["i","s", "a{ss}"]);
+  res.argSig.assertEqual(["i","s","a{ss}","v"]);
   res.retSig.assertEqual(["i"]);
 }

source/ddbus/thin.d

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ import ddbus.util;
 import std.string;
 import std.typecons;
 import std.exception;
+import std.traits;
+import std.conv;
+import std.range;
+import std.algorithm;
 
 class DBusException : Exception {
   this(DBusError *err) {
@@ -26,7 +30,340 @@ T wrapErrors(T)(T delegate(DBusError *err) del) {
   return ret;
 }
 
+/// Structure allowing typeless parameters
+struct DBusAny {
+  /// DBus type of the value (never 'v'), see typeSig!T
+  int type;
+  /// Child signature for Arrays & Tuples
+  char[] signature;
+  /// If true, this value will get serialized as variant value, otherwise it is serialized like it wasn't in a DBusAny wrapper.
+  /// Same functionality as Variant!T but with dynamic types if true.
+  bool explicitVariant;
+
+  union
+  {
+    ///
+    byte int8;
+    ///
+    short int16;
+    ///
+    ushort uint16;
+    ///
+    int int32;
+    ///
+    uint uint32;
+    ///
+    long int64;
+    ///
+    ulong uint64;
+    ///
+    double float64;
+    ///
+    string str;
+    ///
+    bool boolean;
+    ///
+    DBusAny[] array;
+    ///
+    DBusAny[] tuple;
+    ///
+    DictionaryEntry!(DBusAny, DBusAny)* entry;
+  }
+
+  /// Manually creates a DBusAny object using a type, signature and implicit specifier.
+  this(int type, char[] signature, bool explicit) {
+    this.type = type;
+    this.signature = signature;
+    this.explicitVariant = explicit;
+  }
+
+  /// Automatically creates a DBusAny object with fitting parameters from a D type or Variant!T.
+  /// Pass a `Variant!T` to make this an explicit variant.
+  this(T)(T value) {
+    static if(is(T == byte) || is(T == ubyte)) {
+      this(typeCode!byte, null, false);
+      int8 = cast(byte) value;
+    } else static if(is(T == short)) {
+      this(typeCode!short, null, false);
+      int16 = cast(short) value;
+    } else static if(is(T == ushort)) {
+      this(typeCode!ushort, null, false);
+      uint16 = cast(ushort) value;
+    } else static if(is(T == int)) {
+      this(typeCode!int, null, false);
+      int32 = cast(int) value;
+    } else static if(is(T == uint)) {
+      this(typeCode!uint, null, false);
+      uint32 = cast(uint) value;
+    } else static if(is(T == long)) {
+      this(typeCode!long, null, false);
+      int64 = cast(long) value;
+    } else static if(is(T == ulong)) {
+      this(typeCode!ulong, null, false);
+      uint64 = cast(ulong) value;
+    } else static if(is(T == double)) {
+      this(typeCode!double, null, false);
+      float64 = cast(double) value;
+    } else static if(isSomeString!T) {
+      this(typeCode!string, null, false);
+      str = value.to!string;
+    } else static if(is(T == bool)) {
+      this(typeCode!bool, null, false);
+      boolean = cast(bool) value;
+    } else static if(is(T == Variant!R, R)) {
+      static if(is(R == DBusAny)) {
+        type = value.data.type;
+        signature = value.data.signature;
+        explicitVariant = true;
+        if(type == 'a' || type == 'r')
+          array = value.data.array;
+        if(type == 's')
+          str = value.data.str;
+        else if(type == 'e')
+          entry = value.data.entry;
+        else
+          uint64 = value.data.uint64;
+      } else {
+        this(value.data);
+        explicitVariant = true;
+      }
+    } else static if(is(T : DictionaryEntry!(K, V), K, V)) {
+      this('e', null, false);
+      entry = new DictionaryEntry!(DBusAny, DBusAny)();
+      static if(is(K == DBusAny))
+        entry.key = value.key;
+      else
+        entry.key = DBusAny(value.key);
+      static if(is(V == DBusAny))
+        entry.value = value.value;
+      else
+        entry.value = DBusAny(value.value);
+    } else static if(isInputRange!T) {
+      this.type = 'a';
+      static assert(!is(ElementType!T == DBusAny), "Array must consist of the same type, use Variant!DBusAny or DBusAny(tuple(...)) instead");
+      this.signature = typeSig!(ElementType!T).dup;
+      this.explicitVariant = false;
+      foreach(elem; value)
+        array ~= DBusAny(elem);
+    } else static if(isTuple!T) {
+      this.type = 'r';
+      this.signature = ['('];
+      this.explicitVariant = false;
+      foreach(index, R; value.Types) {
+        auto var = DBusAny(value[index]);
+        tuple ~= var;
+        if(var.explicitVariant)
+          this.signature ~= 'v';
+        else {
+          if (var.type != 'r')
+            this.signature ~= cast(char) var.type;
+          if(var.type == 'a' || var.type == 'r')
+            this.signature ~= var.signature;
+        }
+      }
+      this.signature ~= ')';
+    } else static if(isAssociativeArray!T) {
+      this(value.byDictionaryEntries);
+    } else static assert(false, T.stringof ~ " not convertible to a Variant");
+  }
+
+  ///
+  string toString() const {
+    string valueStr;
+    switch(type) {
+    case typeCode!byte:
+      valueStr = int8.to!string;
+      break;
+    case typeCode!short:
+      valueStr = int16.to!string;
+      break;
+    case typeCode!ushort:
+      valueStr = uint16.to!string;
+      break;
+    case typeCode!int:
+      valueStr = int32.to!string;
+      break;
+    case typeCode!uint:
+      valueStr = uint32.to!string;
+      break;
+    case typeCode!long:
+      valueStr = int64.to!string;
+      break;
+    case typeCode!ulong:
+      valueStr = uint64.to!string;
+      break;
+    case typeCode!double:
+      valueStr = float64.to!string;
+      break;
+    case typeCode!string:
+      valueStr = '"' ~ str ~ '"';
+      break;
+    case typeCode!bool:
+      valueStr = boolean ? "true" : "false";
+      break;
+    case 'a':
+      valueStr = '[' ~ array.map!(a => a.toString).join(", ") ~ ']';
+      break;
+    case 'r':
+      valueStr = '(' ~ array.map!(a => a.toString).join(", ") ~ ')';
+      break;
+    case 'e':
+      valueStr = entry.key.toString ~ ": " ~ entry.value.toString;
+      break;
+    default:
+      valueStr = "unknown";
+      break;
+    }
+    return "DBusAny(" ~ cast(char) type
+      ~ ", \"" ~ signature.idup
+      ~ "\", " ~ (explicitVariant ? "explicit" : "implicit")
+      ~ ", " ~ valueStr ~ ")";
+  }
+
+  /// If the value is an array of DictionaryEntries this will return a HashMap
+  DBusAny[DBusAny] toAA() {
+    enforce(type == 'a' && signature && signature[0] == '{');
+    DBusAny[DBusAny] aa;
+    foreach(val; array) {
+      enforce(val.type == 'e');
+      aa[val.entry.key] = val.entry.value;
+    }
+    return aa;
+  }
+
+  /// Converts a basic type, a tuple or an array to the D type with type checking. Tuples can get converted to an array too.
+  T to(T)() {
+    static if(is(T == Variant!R, R)) {
+      static if(is(R == DBusAny)) {
+        auto v = to!R;
+        v.explicitVariant = false;
+        return Variant!R(v);
+      } else
+        return Variant!R(to!R);
+    } else static if(is(T == DBusAny)) {
+      return this;
+    } else static if(isIntegral!T || isFloatingPoint!T) {
+      switch(type) {
+      case typeCode!byte:
+        return cast(T) int8;
+      case typeCode!short:
+        return cast(T) int16;
+      case typeCode!ushort:
+        return cast(T) uint16;
+      case typeCode!int:
+        return cast(T) int32;
+      case typeCode!uint:
+        return cast(T) uint32;
+      case typeCode!long:
+        return cast(T) int64;
+      case typeCode!ulong:
+        return cast(T) uint64;
+      case typeCode!double:
+        return cast(T) float64;
+      default:
+        throw new Exception("Can't convert type " ~ cast(char) type ~ " to " ~ T.stringof);
+      }
+    } else static if(is(T == bool)) {
+      if(type == 'b')
+        return boolean;
+      else
+        throw new Exception("Can't convert type " ~ cast(char) type ~ " to " ~ T.stringof);
+    } else static if(isSomeString!T) {
+      if(type == 's')
+        return str.to!T;
+      else
+        throw new Exception("Can't convert type " ~ cast(char) type ~ " to " ~ T.stringof);
+    } else static if(isDynamicArray!T) {
+      if(type != 'a' && type != 'r')
+        throw new Exception("Can't convert type " ~ cast(char) type ~ " to an array");
+      T ret;
+      foreach(elem; array)
+        ret ~= elem.to!(ElementType!T);
+      return ret;
+    } else static if(isTuple!T) {
+      if(type != 'r')
+        throw new Exception("Can't convert type " ~ cast(char) type ~ " to " ~ T.stringof);
+      T ret;
+      enforce(ret.Types.length == tuple.length, "Tuple length mismatch");
+      foreach(index, T; ret.Types)
+        ret[index] = tuple[index].to!T;
+      return ret;
+    } else static if(isAssociativeArray!T) {
+      if(type != 'a' || !signature || signature[0] != '{')
+        throw new Exception("Can't convert type " ~ cast(char) type ~ " to " ~ T.stringof);
+      T ret;
+      foreach(pair; array) {
+        enforce(pair.type == 'e');
+        ret[pair.entry.key.to!(KeyType!T)] = pair.entry.value.to!(ValueType!T);
+      }
+      return ret;
+    } else static assert(false, "Can't convert variant to " ~ T.stringof);
+  }
+
+  bool opEquals(ref in DBusAny b) const {
+    if(b.type != type || b.explicitVariant != explicitVariant)
+      return false;
+    if((type == 'a' || type == 'r') && b.signature != signature)
+      return false;
+    if(type == 'a')
+      return array == b.array;
+    else if(type == 'r')
+      return tuple == b.tuple;
+    else if(type == 's')
+      return str == b.str;
+    else if(type == 'e')
+      return entry == b.entry || (entry && b.entry && *entry == *b.entry);
+    else
+      return uint64 == b.uint64;
+  }
+}
+
+unittest {
+  import dunit.toolkit;
+  DBusAny set(string member, T)(DBusAny v, T value) {
+    mixin("v." ~ member ~ " = value;");
+    return v;
+  }
+
+  void test(T)(T value, DBusAny b) {
+    assertEqual(DBusAny(value), b);
+    assertEqual(b.to!T, value);
+    b.toString();
+  }
+
+  test(cast(ubyte) 184, set!"int8"(DBusAny('y', null, false), cast(byte) 184));
+  test(cast(short) 184, set!"int16"(DBusAny('n', null, false), cast(short) 184));
+  test(cast(ushort) 184, set!"uint16"(DBusAny('q', null, false), cast(ushort) 184));
+  test(cast(int) 184, set!"int32"(DBusAny('i', null, false), cast(int) 184));
+  test(cast(uint) 184, set!"uint32"(DBusAny('u', null, false), cast(uint) 184));
+  test(cast(long) 184, set!"int64"(DBusAny('x', null, false), cast(long) 184));
+  test(cast(ulong) 184, set!"uint64"(DBusAny('t', null, false), cast(ulong) 184));
+  test(true, set!"boolean"(DBusAny('b', null, false), true));
+
+  test(variant(cast(ubyte) 184), set!"int8"(DBusAny('y', null, true), cast(byte) 184));
+  test(variant(cast(short) 184), set!"int16"(DBusAny('n', null, true), cast(short) 184));
+  test(variant(cast(ushort) 184), set!"uint16"(DBusAny('q', null, true), cast(ushort) 184));
+  test(variant(cast(int) 184), set!"int32"(DBusAny('i', null, true), cast(int) 184));
+  test(variant(cast(uint) 184), set!"uint32"(DBusAny('u', null, true), cast(uint) 184));
+  test(variant(cast(long) 184), set!"int64"(DBusAny('x', null, true), cast(long) 184));
+  test(variant(cast(ulong) 184), set!"uint64"(DBusAny('t', null, true), cast(ulong) 184));
+  test(variant(true), set!"boolean"(DBusAny('b', null, true), true));
+
+  test(variant(DBusAny(5)), set!"int32"(DBusAny('i', null, true), 5));
+
+  test([1, 2, 3], set!"array"(DBusAny('a', ['i'], false), [DBusAny(1), DBusAny(2), DBusAny(3)]));
+  test(variant([1, 2, 3]), set!"array"(DBusAny('a', ['i'], true), [DBusAny(1), DBusAny(2), DBusAny(3)]));
+
+  test(tuple("a", 4, [1, 2]), set!"tuple"(DBusAny('r', "(siai)".dup, false), [DBusAny("a"), DBusAny(4), DBusAny([1, 2])]));
+  test(tuple("a", variant(4), variant([1, 2])), set!"tuple"(DBusAny('r', "(svv)".dup, false), [DBusAny("a"), DBusAny(variant(4)), DBusAny(variant([1, 2]))]));
+
+  test(["a": "b"], set!"array"(DBusAny('a', "{ss}".dup, false), [DBusAny(DictionaryEntry!(DBusAny, DBusAny)(DBusAny("a"), DBusAny("b")))]));
+  test([variant("a"): 4], set!"array"(DBusAny('a', "{vi}".dup, false), [DBusAny(DictionaryEntry!(DBusAny, DBusAny)(DBusAny(variant("a")), DBusAny(4)))]));
+}
+
+/// Marks the data as variant on serialization
 struct Variant(T) {
+  ///
   T data;
 }
 

source/ddbus/util.d

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ template basicDBus(T) {
 }
 
 template canDBus(T) {
-  static if(basicDBus!T) {
+  static if(basicDBus!T || is(T == DBusAny)) {
     enum canDBus = true;
   } else static if(isVariant!T) {
     enum canDBus = canDBus!(VariantType!T);
@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ string typeSig(T)() if(canDBus!T) {
     return "s";
   } else static if(isVariant!T) {
     return "v";
+  } else static if(is(T == DBusAny)) {
+    static assert(false, "Cannot determine type signature of DBusAny. Change to Variant!DBusAny if a variant was desired.");
   } else static if(isTuple!T) {
     string sig = "(";
     foreach(i, S; T.Types) {