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< div class = "section" id = "getting-started" >
< h1 > Getting started< a class = "headerlink" href = "#getting-started" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h1 >
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< p > Welcome to D:YAML! D:YAML is a < a class = "reference external" href = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML" > YAML< / a >
parser library for the
< a class = "reference external" href = "http://d-programming-language.org" > D programming language< / a > . This tutorial
will explain how to set D:YAML up and use it in your projects.< / p >
< p > This is meant to be the < strong > simplest possible< / strong > introduction to D:YAML. Some of
this information might already be known to you. Only basic usage is covered.< / p >
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< div class = "section" id = "setting-up" >
< h2 > Setting up< a class = "headerlink" href = "#setting-up" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
< div class = "section" id = "install-the-dmd-compiler" >
< h3 > Install the DMD compiler< a class = "headerlink" href = "#install-the-dmd-compiler" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h3 >
< p > Digital Mars D compiler, or DMD, is the most commonly used D compiler. You can
find its newest version < a class = "reference external" href = "http://www.digitalmars.com/d/download.html" > here< / a > .
Download the version of DMD for your operating system and install it.< / p >
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "first admonition-title" > Note< / p >
< p class = "last" > Other D compilers exist, such as
< a class = "reference external" href = "http://bitbucket.org/goshawk/gdc/wiki/Home" > GDC< / a > and
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< a class = "reference external" href = "http://www.dsource.org/projects/ldc/" > LDC< / a > . Setting up with either one of
them should be similar to DMD, but they are not yet as stable as DMD.< / p >
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< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "download-and-compile-d-yaml" >
< h3 > Download and compile D:YAML< a class = "headerlink" href = "#download-and-compile-d-yaml" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > The newest version of D:YAML can be found
< a class = "reference external" href = "https://github.com/Kiith-Sa/D-YAML" > here< / a > . Download a source archive, extract
it, and move to the extracted directory.< / p >
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< p > D:YAML uses a modified version of the < a class = "reference external" href = "http://dsource.org/projects/cdc/" > CDC< / a >
script for compilation. To compile D:YAML, you first need to build CDC.
Do this by typing the following command into the console:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > dmd cdc.d< / pre >
< / div >
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< p > Now compile D:YAML with CDC.
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To do this on Unix/Linux, use the following command:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > ./cdc< / pre >
< / div >
< p > On Windows:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span class = "n" > cdc< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > exe< / span >
< / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< p > This will compile the library to a file called < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > libdyaml.a< / span > < / tt > on Unix/Linux or
< tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > libdyaml.lib< / span > < / tt > on Windows.< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "your-first-d-yaml-project" >
< h2 > Your first D:YAML project< a class = "headerlink" href = "#your-first-d-yaml-project" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h2 >
< p > Create a directory for your project and in that directory, create a file called
< tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > input.yaml< / span > < / tt > with the following contents:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-yaml" > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span class = "l-Scalar-Plain" > Hello World< / span > < span class = "p-Indicator" > :< / span >
< span class = "p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "l-Scalar-Plain" > Hello< / span >
< span class = "p-Indicator" > -< / span > < span class = "l-Scalar-Plain" > World< / span >
< span class = "l-Scalar-Plain" > Answer< / span > < span class = "p-Indicator" > :< / span > < span class = "l-Scalar-Plain" > 42< / span >
< / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< p > This will serve as input for our example.< / p >
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< p > Now we need to parse it. Create a file called < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > main.d< / span > < / tt > . Paste following code
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into the file:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-d" > < div class = "highlight" > < pre > < span class = "k" > import< / span > < span class = "n" > std< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > stdio< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "k" > import< / span > < span class = "n" > yaml< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "n" > main< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< span class = "c1" > //Read the input.< / span >
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< span class = "n" > Node< / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > Loader< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " input.yaml" < / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "n" > load< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
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< span class = "c1" > //Display the data read.< / span >
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< span class = "k" > foreach< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nb" > string< / span > < span class = "n" > word< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "s" > " Hello World" < / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span >
< span class = "p" > {< / span >
< span class = "n" > writeln< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > word< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< span class = "n" > writeln< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " The answer is " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "s" > " Answer" < / span > < span class = "p" > ].< / span > < span class = "n" > as< / span > < span class = "p" > !< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< span class = "c1" > //Dump the loaded document to output.yaml.< / span >
< span class = "n" > Dumper< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s" > " output.yaml" < / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "n" > dump< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > root< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "explanation-of-the-code" >
< h3 > Explanation of the code< a class = "headerlink" href = "#explanation-of-the-code" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > First, we import the < em > yaml< / em > module. This is the only D:YAML module you need to
import - it automatically imports all needed modules.< / p >
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< p > Next we load the file using the < em > Loader.load()< / em > method. < em > Loader< / em > is a struct
used for parsing YAML documents. The < em > load()< / em > method loads the file as
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< strong > one< / strong > YAML document, or throws < em > YAMLException< / em > , D:YAML exception type, if the
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file could not be parsed or does not contain exactly one document. Note that we
don’ t do any error checking here in order to keep the example as simple as
possible.< / p >
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< p > < em > Node< / em > represents a node in a YAML document. It can be a sequence (array),
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mapping (associative array) or a scalar (value). Here the root node is a
mapping, and we use the index operator to get subnodes with keys “ Hello World”
and “ Answer” . We iterate over the first, as it is a sequence, and use the
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< em > Node.as()< / em > method on the second to read its value as an integer.< / p >
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< p > You can iterate over a mapping or sequence as if it was an associative or normal
array. If you try to iterate over a scalar, it will throw a < em > YAMLException< / em > .< / p >
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< p > You can iterate over subnodes using < em > Node< / em > as the iterated type, or specify
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the type subnodes are expected to have. D:YAML will automatically convert
iterated subnodes to that type if possible. Here we specify the < em > string< / em > type,
so we iterate over the “ Hello World” sequence as an array of strings. If it is
not possible to convert to iterated type, a < em > YAMLException< / em > is thrown. For
instance, if we specified < em > int< / em > here, we would get an error, as “ Hello”
cannot be converted to an integer.< / p >
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< p > The < em > Node.as()< / em > method is used to read value of a scalar node as specified type.
D:YAML will try to return the scalar as this type, converting if needed,
throwing < em > YAMLException< / em > if not possible.< / p >
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< p > Finally we dump the document we just read to < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > output.yaml< / span > < / tt > with the
< em > Dumper.dump()< / em > method. < em > Dumper< / em > is a struct used to dump YAML documents.
The < em > dump()< / em > method writes one or more documents to a file, throwing
< em > YAMLException< / em > if the file could not be written to.< / p >
< p > D:YAML doesn’ t preserve style information in documents, so even though
< tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > output.yaml< / span > < / tt > will contain the same data as < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > input.yaml< / span > < / tt > , it might be
formatted differently. Comments are not preserved, either.< / p >
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< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "compiling" >
< h3 > Compiling< a class = "headerlink" href = "#compiling" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h3 >
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< p > To compile your project, DMD needs to know which directories contain the
imported modules and the library. You also need to tell it to link with D:YAML.
The import directory should be the D:YAML package directory. You can specify it
using the < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > -I< / span > < / tt > option of DMD. The library directory should point to the
compiled library. On Unix/Linux you can specify it using the < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > -L-L< / span > < / tt > option,
and link with D:YAML using the < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > -L-l< / span > < / tt > option. On Windows, the import directory
is used as the library directory. To link with the library on Windows, just add
the path to it relative to the current directory.< / p >
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< p > For example, if you extracted and compiled D:YAML in < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > /home/xxx/dyaml< / span > < / tt > , your
project is in < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > /home/xxx/dyaml-project< / span > < / tt > , and you are currently in that
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directory, compile the project with the following command on Unix/Linux:< / p >
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< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > dmd -I../dyaml -L-L../dyaml -L-ldyaml main.d< / pre >
< / div >
< p > And the following on Windows:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > dmd -I../dyaml ../dyaml/libdyaml.lib main.d< / pre >
< / div >
< p > This will produce an executable called < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > main< / span > < / tt > or < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > main.exe< / span > < / tt > in your
directory. When you run it, it should produce the following output:< / p >
< div class = "highlight-python" > < pre > Hello
World
The answer is 42< / pre >
< / div >
< / div >
< div class = "section" id = "conclusion" >
< h3 > Conclusion< a class = "headerlink" href = "#conclusion" title = "Permalink to this headline" > ¶< / a > < / h3 >
< p > You should now have a basic idea about how to use D:YAML. To learn more, look at
the < a class = "reference external" href = "../api/index.html" > API documentation< / a > and other tutorials. You can find code for this
example in the < tt class = "docutils literal" > < span class = "pre" > example/getting_started< / span > < / tt > directory in the package.< / p >
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< ul >
< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#" > Getting started< / a > < ul >
< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#setting-up" > Setting up< / a > < ul >
< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#install-the-dmd-compiler" > Install the DMD compiler< / a > < / li >
< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#download-and-compile-d-yaml" > Download and compile D:YAML< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#your-first-d-yaml-project" > Your first D:YAML project< / a > < ul >
< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#explanation-of-the-code" > Explanation of the code< / a > < / li >
< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#compiling" > Compiling< / a > < / li >
< li > < a class = "reference internal" href = "#conclusion" > Conclusion< / a > < / li >
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© Copyright 2011, Ferdinand Majerech. Based on PyYAML http://www.pyyaml.org by Kirill Simonov.
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Last updated on Jan 23, 2012.
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