dyaml/doc/html/tutorials/getting_started.html
Ferdinand Majerech 765b74ffca Updated the API documentation.
Updated examples based on the new Loader API.
(Dumper API still needs examples)
2011-10-14 10:34:53 +02:00

231 lines
13 KiB
HTML

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Getting started &mdash; D:YAML v0.1 documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript">
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
URL_ROOT: '../',
VERSION: '0.1',
COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
HAS_SOURCE: true
};
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
<link rel="top" title="D:YAML v0.1 documentation" href="../index.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Custom YAML data types" href="custom_types.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Welcome to D:YAML documentation!" href="../index.html" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="related">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="custom_types.html" title="Custom YAML data types"
accesskey="N">next</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="../index.html" title="Welcome to D:YAML documentation!"
accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
<li><a href="../index.html">D:YAML v0.1 documentation</a> &raquo;</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="document">
<div class="documentwrapper">
<div class="bodywrapper">
<div class="body">
<div class="section" id="getting-started">
<h1>Getting started<a class="headerlink" href="#getting-started" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Welcome to D:YAML! D:YAML is a <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML">YAML</a>
parser library for the
<a class="reference external" href="http://d-programming-language.org">D programming language</a>. This tutorial
will explain how to set D:YAML up and use it in your projects.</p>
<p>This is meant to be the <strong>simplest possible</strong> introduction to D:YAML. Some of
this information might already be known to you. Only basic usage is covered.</p>
<div class="section" id="setting-up">
<h2>Setting up<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-up" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="install-the-dmd-compiler">
<h3>Install the DMD compiler<a class="headerlink" href="#install-the-dmd-compiler" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Digital Mars D compiler, or DMD, is the most commonly used D compiler. You can
find its newest version <a class="reference external" href="http://www.digitalmars.com/d/download.html">here</a>.
Download the version of DMD for your operating system and install it.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Other D compilers exist, such as
<a class="reference external" href="http://bitbucket.org/goshawk/gdc/wiki/Home">GDC</a> and
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.dsource.org/projects/ldc/">LDC</a>. Setting up with either one of
them should be similar to DMD, but they are not yet as stable as DMD.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="download-and-compile-d-yaml">
<h3>Download and compile D:YAML<a class="headerlink" href="#download-and-compile-d-yaml" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The newest version of D:YAML can be found
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/Kiith-Sa/D-YAML">here</a>. Download a source archive, extract
it, and move to the extracted directory.</p>
<p>D:YAML uses a modified version of the <a class="reference external" href="http://dsource.org/projects/cdc/">CDC</a>
script for compilation. To compile D:YAML, you first need to build CDC.
Do this by typing the following command into the console:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>dmd cdc.d</pre>
</div>
<p>Now you can use CDC to compile D:YAML.
To do this on Unix/Linux, use the following command:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>./cdc</pre>
</div>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">cdc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exe</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will compile the library to a file called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libdyaml.a</span></tt> on Unix/Linux or
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libdyaml.lib</span></tt> on Windows.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="your-first-d-yaml-project">
<h2>Your first D:YAML project<a class="headerlink" href="#your-first-d-yaml-project" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Create a directory for your project and in that directory, create a file called
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input.yaml</span></tt> with the following contents:</p>
<div class="highlight-yaml"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="l-Scalar-Plain">Hello World</span> <span class="p-Indicator">:</span>
<span class="p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="l-Scalar-Plain">Hello</span>
<span class="p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="l-Scalar-Plain">World</span>
<span class="l-Scalar-Plain">Answer</span><span class="p-Indicator">:</span> <span class="l-Scalar-Plain">42</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will serve as input for our example.</p>
<p>Now we need to parse it. Create a file called &#8220;main.d&#8221;. Paste following code
into the file:</p>
<div class="highlight-d"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stdio</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">yaml</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">Node</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">Loader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;input.yaml&quot;</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">foreach</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span> <span class="n">word</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">root</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">word</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">writeln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;The answer is &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">root</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;Answer&quot;</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="explanation-of-the-code">
<h3>Explanation of the code<a class="headerlink" href="#explanation-of-the-code" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>First, we import the <em>yaml</em> module. This is the only module you need to import
to use D:YAML - it automatically imports all needed modules.</p>
<p>Next we load the file using the <em>Loader.load()</em> method. <em>Loader</em> is the struct
used for parsing YAML documents, and <em>load()</em> is a method that loads the file as
<strong>one</strong> YAML document, or throws <em>YAMLException</em>, D:YAML exception type, if the
file could not be parsed or does not contain exactly one document. Note that we
don&#8217;t do any error checking here in order to keep the example as simple as
possible.</p>
<p><em>Node</em> represents a node in a YAML document. It can be a sequence (array),
mapping (associative array) or a scalar (value). Here the root node is a
mapping, and we use the index operator to get subnodes with keys &#8220;Hello World&#8221;
and &#8220;Answer&#8221;. We iterate over the first, as it is a sequence, and use the
<em>Node.get()</em> method on the second to get its value as an integer.</p>
<p>You can iterate over a mapping or sequence as if it was an associative or normal
array. If you try to iterate over a scalar, it will throw a <em>YAMLException</em>.</p>
<p>You can iterate over subnodes using <em>Node</em> as the iterated type, or specify
the type subnodes are expected to have. D:YAML will automatically convert
iterated subnodes to that type if possible. Here we specify the <em>string</em> type,
so we iterate over the &#8220;Hello World&#8221; sequence as an array of strings. If it is
not possible to convert to iterated type, a <em>YAMLException</em> is thrown. For
instance, if we specified <em>int</em> here, we would get an error, as &#8220;Hello&#8221;
cannot be converted to an integer.</p>
<p>The <em>Node.get()</em> method is used to get value of a scalar node, allowing to
specify type. D:YAML will try to return the scalar as this type, converting if
needed, throwing <em>YAMLException</em> if not possible.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="compiling">
<h3>Compiling<a class="headerlink" href="#compiling" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>To compile your project, you must give DMD the directories containing import
modules and the library. You also need to tell it to link with D:YAML. The import
directory should be the D:YAML package directory. You can specify it using the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-I</span></tt> option of DMD. The library directory should be where you put the compiled
D:YAML library. On Unix/Linux you can specify it using the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-L-L</span></tt> option, and
link with D:YAML using the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-L-l</span></tt> option. On Windows, the import directory is
used as the library directory. To link with the library on Windows, just add the
path to it relative to the current directory.</p>
<p>For example, if you extracted and compiled D:YAML in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/home/xxx/dyaml</span></tt>, your
project is in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/home/xxx/dyaml-project</span></tt>, and you are currently in that
directory, you can compile the project with the following command on Unix/Linux:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>dmd -I../dyaml -L-L../dyaml -L-ldyaml main.d</pre>
</div>
<p>And the following on Windows:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>dmd -I../dyaml ../dyaml/libdyaml.lib main.d</pre>
</div>
<p>This will produce an executable called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">main</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">main.exe</span></tt> in your
directory. When you run it, it should produce the following output:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>Hello
World
The answer is 42</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="conclusion">
<h3>Conclusion<a class="headerlink" href="#conclusion" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>You should now have a basic idea about how to use D:YAML. To learn more, look at
the <a class="reference external" href="../api/index.html">API documentation</a> and other tutorials. You can find code for this
example in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">example/getting_started</span></tt> directory in the package.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<p class="logo"><a href="../index.html">
<img class="logo" src="../_static/logo210.png" alt="Logo"/>
</a></p>
<h3><a href="../index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Getting started</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setting-up">Setting up</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#install-the-dmd-compiler">Install the DMD compiler</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#download-and-compile-d-yaml">Download and compile D:YAML</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#your-first-d-yaml-project">Your first D:YAML project</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#explanation-of-the-code">Explanation of the code</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#compiling">Compiling</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
<div class="related">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="custom_types.html" title="Custom YAML data types"
>next</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="../index.html" title="Welcome to D:YAML documentation!"
>previous</a> |</li>
<li><a href="../index.html">D:YAML v0.1 documentation</a> &raquo;</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer">
&copy; Copyright 2011, Ferdinand Majerech. Based on PyYAML http://www.pyyaml.org by Kirill Simonov.
Last updated on Oct 14, 2011.
Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.0.7.
</div>
</body>
</html>